9.24. Echelon Turn (Figure 9.20)

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9.24.1. Objective. Turn the formation while in close or route formation using other than fingertip references.

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9.24.2. Description. A turn in which number 2 remains in the same POM as number 1. Echelon turns may be accomplished from fingertip or route. All turns while in route position will be echelon turns (echelon signal not required). When in fingertip, however, turns are only flown as echelon turns if indicated by number 1.

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9.24.3. Procedure. Instead of maintaining fingertip references, number 2 remains in the same POM as number 1. Number 1 should roll smoothly into bank (approximately 60 degrees), maintain appropriate back pressure, and minimize power changes. Slight variations in bank angle to control undesired climbs and descents are smoother and easier for number 2 than variations in back pressure. Number 1’s roll rate should approximate that used during instrument conditions. Number 2 matches number 1’s roll rate and uses back pressure to maintain spacing. In a level turn, the horizon bisects number 1’s fuselage. In the FCP, approximately one-half of the yellow rescue door should be visible (resembles a triangle) behind the aft edge of number 1’s wing and one wingspan spacing will exist between the aircraft. If out of position, use bank to correct vertical (to keep number 1’s fuselage bisected by the horizon), power to correct fore and aft position, and back pressure to maintain spacing. During rollout, number 1 should use a smooth roll rate and gradually reduce back pressure. Number 2 matches number 1’s roll rate to maintain position and uses power as required. Upon rolling back to wings level, number 2 should be re-established in the fingertip position.

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