9.13. Lost Wingman Procedures.

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9.13.1. Objective. Gain immediate separation of aircraft when number 2 loses sight of number 1 in the weather.

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9.13.2. Description. In IMC when visual contact with number 1 is lost using normal close formation visual references, or if unable to maintain position due to spatial disorientation, number 2 simultaneously executes the applicable lost wingman procedure while transitioning to instruments. Smooth application of control inputs is imperative to minimize the effects of spatial disorientation.

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9.13.3. Procedure. When executing lost wingman procedures, number 2 notifies number 1, who coordinates with the controlling agency and requests a separate clearance for number 2. If required, the controlling agency can help establish positive separation.

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9.13.3.1. Number 1. Number 1 will immediately perform the appropriate procedure, acknowledge number 2’s radio call, and transmit aircraft attitude and heading (T-2), which is acknowledged by number 2. Number 1 should transmit other parameters such as altitude, and airspeed as necessary to aid in maintaining safe separation.

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9.13.3.2. Wings-Level Flight (Climb, Descent, or Straight and Level). The lost wingman turns away, using 15 degrees of bank for 15 seconds and informs number 1. After 15 seconds, number 2 resumes heading and proceeds on a separate clearance.

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9.13.3.3. Turns (Climb, Descent, or Level).

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9.13.3.3.1. When outside the turn, the lost wingman reverses the direction of turn, using 15 degrees of bank for 15 seconds, and informs number 1. After 15 seconds, number 2 rolls out, continues straight ahead, and ensures positive separation before resuming the turn and obtaining a separate clearance.

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9.13.3.3.2. When inside the turn, the lost wingman momentarily reduces power to ensure nose-tail separation and tells number 1 to roll out of the turn. Number 2 maintains AOB to ensure lateral separation, and then proceeds on a separate clearance. Number 1 may resume turning only when separation is ensured.

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9.13.3.4. Precision and Non-Precision Final Approach. The lost wingman momentarily turns away from number 1 to ensure separation and starts a climb to either the FAF or glide slope intercept altitude, as appropriate. While proceeding to the missed approach point, number 2 informs number 1 and obtains a separate clearance from approach control. Comply with the new clearance received or fly the published missed approach, as appropriate.

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9.13.3.5. Missed Approach. The lost wingman momentarily turns away to ensure clearance, informs number 1, and continues to the published missed approach while climbing 500 feet above the missed approach altitude. Number 2 obtains a separate clearance from approach control.

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9.13.4. Responsibility. Lost wingman procedures do not guarantee obstacle clearance. It is the responsibility of all the pilots in the formation to be aware of terrain and obstacles along the flight path. Use good judgment when executing lost wingman procedures.

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