8.19. Abnormal Procedures.

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8.19.1. Lost Procedures. GPS, VOR, and DME can be useful in maintaining or regaining positional awareness. If lost, follow the three “Cs”:

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8.19.1.1. C limb - Improve visibility, fuel efficiency, and radio range.

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8.19.1.2. C onserve - Slow to maximum endurance airspeed.

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8.19.1.3. C onfess - Call ATC (help with current position, get a vector, etc.).

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8.19.2. Weather Along the Route. Weather may not be as forecast along the route and continued flight under VFR may not be possible. Do not continue when conditions deteriorate and proper cloud and terrain clearance cannot be maintained. When unable to maintain the planned route of flight under VFR:

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8.19.2.1. Alter the course to maintain VFR to the destination.

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8.19.2.2. Obtain an IFR clearance and continue to the destination.

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8.19.2.3. Maintain VFR and land at an alternate destination.

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8.19.3. Emergency. Constant positional awareness is critical to successful recovery if an aircraft emergency prevents continued flight to the planned destination. Two common techniques to increase SA and reduce workload in the event of an emergency are:

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8.19.3.1. Mark emergency airfields in red circle. Annotate tower or common traffic advisory frequency frequencies.

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8.19.3.2. Use the EHSI (airports displayed) or nearest (NRST) function on the GPS to provide constant display of airfields near the route of flight. Section 8D—Low Level VFR Navigation

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